CHAPTER 8 : CIRCULAR MEASURE
8.1 Radians
1) An
angle is measured in degree (°) or radians (rad).
2) 1
radian is the angle subtended at the centre of a circle by the arc of length
which is equal to the radius of the circle.
4)
Convert degree to radian:
Example 1 :
Convert the following angles to radains
(a) 27°
(b) 136.2°
(c) 205°
(d) 84°42'
Solution:
(a) 27° = 27 x π/180°
= 0.4712 rad
(b) 136.2° = 136.3 x π/180°
= 2.377 rad
(c) 205° = 205 x π/180°
= 3.578 rad
(d) 84°42' = 84.7°
= 84.7 x π/180°
= 1.478 rad
5) Convert radian to degree:Convert the following angles to radains
(a) 27°
(b) 136.2°
(c) 205°
(d) 84°42'
Solution:
(a) 27° = 27 x π/180°
= 0.4712 rad
(b) 136.2° = 136.3 x π/180°
= 2.377 rad
(c) 205° = 205 x π/180°
= 3.578 rad
(d) 84°42' = 84.7°
= 84.7 x π/180°
= 1.478 rad
Example 2 :
Convert the following angles to degree.
(a) 1.25 rad
(b) 0.8 rad
(c) π/2 rad
(d) 5π/3 rad
Solution :
π rad = 180°
(a) 1.25 rad = 1.25 x 180/π
= 71.62°
(b) 0.8 rad = 0.8 x 180/π
= 45.84°
(c) π/2 rad = π/2 x 180/
= 90°
(d) 5π/3 rad = 5π/3 x 180/π
= 300°
8.2 Arc Length of a Circle
A. Formulae for Length and Area of a Circle
r = radius
A = area s = arc
length q = angle l =
length of chord
B. Length of an Arc of a Circle
1) The diagram above show a circle with centre O and radius r. PQ is the minor arc and PRQ is a major arc.
2) The length of the arc PQ, s, is directly proportional to the angle θ.
Example 1 :
Calculate the length of the arc, s, of the following circles.
(a)
Solution :
r = 6cm , θ = 0.75 rad
s = r θ
= 6 x 0.75
= 4.5 cm
(b)
Solution : r = 5 cm , θ = 3π/4 rad
s = r θ
= 5 x 3π/4
= 11.78 cm
Example 2 :
Calculate the arc length, s, of the following sectors.
(a)
Solution : r = 6.5 cm
θ = 72°
= 72 x π/180
= 1.2566 rad
s = rθ
= 6.5 x 1.2566
= 8.168 cm
(b)
Solution : r = 8 cm
θ = 250°
= 250 x π/180
= 4.3633 rad
s = rθ
= 8 x 4.3633
= 34.91 cm
Example 3 :
The diagram below shows a circle with centre O and radius 9 cm.
Calculate the length of the malor arc AB.
Solution :
Let the angle subtended by the major arc AB at O be θ.
θ = 360° - 115°
= 245°
= 245 x π/180
= 4.276 rad
Length of the major arc AB = rθ
= 9 x 4.276
= 38.48 cm
Example 4 :
Calculate the radius , r, of the following circles.
(a)
Solution : θ = 0.8 rad , s = 6 cm
r = s/θ
= 6 / 0.8
= 7.5 cm
(b)
Solution :
θ = 2π - 2π/3
= 4π/3
= 4π/3
s = 37.7 cm
r = s / θ
= 37.7 / 4π/3
= 9 cm
Example 5 :
The diagram shows a circle with centre O.
Given that the length of the major arc PQ is 39.8 cm, find the radius of the circle.
Solution:
θ = 2π - 1.65
= 4.6332
s = 39.8
Radius of the circle, r = s/θ
= 39.8 / 4.6332
= 8.59 cm
Example 6 :
An arc, AB, of a circle of radius 5 cm subtends an angle of 1.5 radians at the centre. Find the length of the arc AB.
Solution :
s = rθ
Length of the arc AB = (5)(1.5)
= 7.5 cm
Example 7:
In the above diagram, find
(i) length of the
minor arc AB
(ii) length of the
major arc APB
Solution :
(i) length of the
minor arc AB = rθ
=
(7)(0.354)
= 2.478
cm
(ii) Since 360o = 2π radians,
the reflex angle AOB
the reflex angle AOB
=
(2π – 0.354)
radians.
Length
of the major arc APB
=
7 × (2π – 0.354)
=
7 × [(2)(3.1416) –
0.354]
=
7 × 5.9292
= 41.5044
cm
Mind Map:
Video:
1. Finding Arc Length of a Circle
Mind Map:
Video:
1. Finding Arc Length of a Circle
2. How do we Find the Length of an Arc
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